Impacts des porte-greffes sur le rendement et sur la qualité des raisins "Chambourcin"

Abstract

The use of rootstocks rather than own rooted vines, and the choice of the appropriate rootstocks for a specific cultivar depend on the interaction of the vineyard site, cultivar and the rootstock. In Midwest U.S.A., and in Missouri in particular, growers have mostly planted well adapted French American Vitis vinifera hybrids like Chambourcin (Vitis vinifera x V. rupestris) which is one of the most diffused wine grape cultivar in the area. Today, there is insufficient experience and research on the effect rootstock for sustainable production of Chambourcin under growing season conditions of the Midwest U.S. The aim of this study is to compare the performances of own-rooted Chambourcin vines and grafted Chambourcin in southwest Missouri. Response of yield components and fruit composition of Chambourcin grapevines to eleven different rootstocks (own-rooted, PC01112-14, Riparia Gloire, 1616C, Kingfisher, 3309C, 101-14 Mgt, Matador, SO4, 420A, 1103P) were evaluated. Data were collected for four years.

Yield components evaluated were: production per hectare, cluster/vine, cluster weight, berry weight, weight of cane pruning, and crop load. Grape juice variables measured were total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH. Juice mineral content analysis were performed at the first harvest. Petiole mineral analyses were performed the first and last year of research.Vines grafted on 3309C rootstock had high yield, and a higher number of clusters per vine than vines grafted on 1616C. 101-14 induced higher cluster weight compared to the other rootstocks. 420A induced a higher pH and TA as well as higher concentration of phosphorous and potassium in the juice. Riparia Gloire induced a lower phosphorous content in juice and petiole. In conclusion rootstock type used can influence some of the production variables and can affect nutrient uptake and juice concentration in phosphorous and potassium with influence on pH of juice.

Keywords: Chambourcin, rootstocks, yield components, fruit quality

Résumé

Les porte-greffes suivants ont été étudiés: franc de pied, PC01112-14, Riparia Gloire de Montpellier, 1616C, Kingfisher, 3309C, 101-14 Mgt, Matador, SO4, 420A, 1103P. Pour le Chambourcin poussant dans un environnement à longue saison végétative comme le Missouri, le 3309C et le SO4 ont montré de bonnes performances avec un rendement élevé, combiné à une balance d’assimilation minérale équilibrée et une bonne qualité des fruits.

Mots-clés : Chambourcin, porte-greffe, composantes du rendement, qualité du fruit