21st GiESCO International Meeting: ‘A Multidisciplinary Vision towards Sustainable Viticulture’ USE OF SLUDGE FROM INNOVATIVE WINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AS AMENDMENT IN VINEYARD

Laure GONTIER1, Thierry DUFOURCQ 1, Teodora DE PEDRO2, Diego LÓPEZ LARRIA3, Christina CARLOS4, M. del Carmen SABORIDO DIAZ5, Hernán OJEDA 2 1 IFV Sud-ouest, V’innopôle, BP22, 81310 Lisle sur Tarn, France 2 INRA UE999 Pech Rouge, 11430 Gruissan, France. 3 Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26071 Logroño, Spain 4 ADVID, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal 5 AGACAL, Avda. Camiño Francés, 10 – baixo, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain *Corresponding author: laure.gontier@vignevin.com

Abstract: Context and purpose of the study - In a context of reducing the environmental footprint of the wine sector, the European project WETWINE (2016-2019) aims to validate an innovative natural-based technology for winery wastewater treatment. The WETWINE valorisation system associates an anaerobic pre-treatment unit with a combination of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. A circular economy approach is proposed: the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the agronomic value of sewage sludge obtained from WETWINE system in order to reuse it as an amendment for the vineyard. Material and methods - A first step consisted in analytic characterisation of the sludge from WETWINE system. WETWINE sludge from a pilot plant in Spain was compared with sludge from winery wastewater evaporation system and with commercial soil amendment. A second step was dedicated to the assessment of the agronomic interest of wine sewage sludge. Experiments were implemented in 2017 and 2018 on ten plots in four winegrowing regions of southwestern Europe: Occitanie (France), La Rioja, Galicia (Spain), and Douro (Portugal). Analyses done previously showed that WETWINE sludge was comparable to sludge from winery wastewater evaporation system. Three treatments were compared in randomized block design with three replicates: (A) commercial soil amendment, (B) sludge from winery wastewater evaporation system and (C) control. Amendment quantities were calculated to provide 30g of nitrogen per vine plant. Data were collected on soil characteristics, nutritional status of the vine, yield, vigour and grape quality. Statistical processing of data was done by Analysis of variance (Anova) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results - Chemical analyses showed that wine sewage sludge tends to contains less organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium but more calcium and has higher pH than commercial soil amendment. Both WETWINE and evaporation system sludge complied with European and French regulation on trace element content. Anova carried out per plot revealed few significant differences between treatments. However, the overall data analysis by PCA permitted to discriminate the three treatments. Treatment A was the one with the most significant effect on the nutrient level in the plant. Although agronomic interest of wine sewage sludge was lowest than commercial amendment, these first results demonstrated their safety and the possibility of their reuse in the vineyard. Such a practice is an economic and ecologic way to resolve wine sewage sludge management, combined to a reduction of fertilisation demand at the vineyard.

Keywords: Grapevine, waste water, winery, sludge, recycling, amendment, soil.
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